Research


NURTURES Phase 1 effects:

Data analyses provided initial evidence that having a NURTURES teacher in the student’s academic life prior or during 2015-16 school year was associated with net gains on a student’s literacy, reading, and mathematics STAR test scores compared to students who had never had a NURTURES teacher.




NURTURES Dissemination: (July, 2011 - Present)

Journal Publications

Kaderavek, J.N., North, T., Rotshtein, R., Dao, H., Liber, N., Milewski, G., Molitor, S.C. and Czerniak, C.M. (2015). SCIIENCE: the creation and pilot implementation of an NGSS-based instrument to evaluate early childhood science teaching. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 45, 27-36.

Reinhart, M., Bloomquist, D., Gilbert, A., Strickler-Eppard, L., Czerniak, C., Kaderavek, J. & Molitor, S. (2016). Taking science home: Connecting schools and families through early childhood science activity packs. School Science and Mathematics., 116, 3-16.

Tuttle, N., Stanley, W. and Bieniek, T. (2016). Engineering Motion: Building Derby Cars in K-2 Classrooms. Science and Children, January, 46-53.

Tuttle, N., Kaderavek, J. N., Molitor, S., Czerniak, C. M., Johnson-Whitt, E., Bloomquist, D., Namatovu, W., and Wilson, G. (2016). Investigating the impact of NGSS-aligned professional development on PK-3 teachers’ science content knowledge and pedagogy. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 27: 717-745.

Paprzycki, P., Tuttle, N. Czerniak, C. M., Molitor, S., Kaderavek, J., and Mendenhall, R. (2017). The impact of a Framework-aligned science professional development program on literacy and mathematics achievement of K-3 students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. DOI: 10.1002/tea.21400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tea.21400.

Tuttle, N. Mentzer, G.A., Strickler-Eppard, L., Hapgood, S., Bloomquist, D. Molitor, S. Kaderavek, J., and Czerniak, C.M. (2017). Exploring how families do science together: Adult-child interactions at community science events. School Science and Mathematics: 117, 175-182.

Gilbert, A., Czerniak, C. & Kaderavek, J. (Submitted June 2017). Elementary science teachers' experiences with synchronous online, asynchronous online and face-to-face coaching. Journal of Science Teacher Education.

Strickler-Eppard, L., Czerniak, C. M., & Kaderavek, J. (2019). Families’ Capacity to Engage in Science Inquiry at Home Through Structured Activities. Early Childhood Education Journal, 1-12.

Hapgood, S., Charlene, C. M., Brenneman, K., Clements, D. H., Duschl, R., Fleer, M., Greenfield, D. B., Hadani, H., Romance, R., Sarama, J., Schwarz, C. & VanMeeteren, B. (in press). The importance of early childhood STEM education. To appear in C. Johnson, M. Mohr-Schroeder, T. Moore & L. English (Eds.) Handbook of STEM Education Research. Routeledge/Taylor & Francis: London.

Kaderavek, J. N., Paprzycki, P., Czerniak, C. M., Hapgood, S., Mentzer, G., Molitor, S. & Mendenhall, R. (2020). Longitudinal impact of early childhood science instruction on 5th grade science achievement. International Journal of Science Education, 1-20.

Kaderavek, J. N., Paprzycki, P., Czerniak, C., Hapgood, S., Molitor, S., Prieto, J. & Wilson, G. & (Submitted). Academic impact of classroom and family science on preschool and kindergarten-aged children: A pilot study. Submitted to the Journal of Early Childhood Research.

Hapgood, S., Michaelson, M.K., Kaderavek, J.N., Paprzycki, P., Czerniak, C. M., & Molitor, S. (Submitted). Longitudinal impact of an NGSS-aligned program on early literacy and mathematics growth curves. International Journal of Science Education.

Theses & Dissertations

Reinhart, M.L. (2012). Inquiry-Based Science Activities in Early Childhood: The Use of Take-Home Family Packs to Support Meaningful Oral Discourse. The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.

Bloomquist, D.L. (2016). The Effects of Coaching Using a Reflective Framework on Early Childhood Science Teachers’ Depth of Reflection and Change in Practice. The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.

Gilbert, A.M. (2016). The Nature of Elementary Science Teachers’ Experiences with Synchronous Online, Asynchronous Online and Face-to-Face Coaching. The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.

Strickler-Eppard, L.J. (2016). A Detailed Analysis of Family Utilization of Science Activity Packs. The University of Toledo. Toledo, Ohio.

Reinhart, M. A. (2019). A Longitudinal Study of an Urban Kindergarten Teacher’s Instructional Strategies for and Perceptions of Young Children’s STEM Inquiry. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH.

Conference Papers & Presentations

Czerniak, C.M. (2013). Nurturing Early Childhood Science. Paper presented at the 12th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Education, Honolulu, HI, January 2013.

Strickler-Eppard, L., Lemle, T., Czerniak, C.M., Molitor, S., & Mendenhall, R. (2013). Connecting Schools, Families and Community: Development and Implementation of Outreach Materials and Events Focused on Family Engagement. Paper presented at the 2012 Math Science Partnership Conference, Washington, D.C., February 2013.

Bloomquist, D. and Gilbert, A. (2013). A framework for K-12 science education: There’s an app for that! Workshop presented at the Annual Professional Development Conference of the Science Education Council of Ohio (SECO), Dayton, OH, February 2013.

Kaderavek, J.N., North, T., Rotshtein, R., Dao, H., Liber, N., Milewski, G., Molitor, S.C. & Czerniak, C.M. (2013). SCIIENCE: The creation of a coding system to evaluate early childhood science teaching. Paper presented at the Annual International Conference of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching (NARST), Rio Grande, Puerto Rico, April 2013.

Reinhart. M., Bloomquist, D., Gilbert, A., Strickler-Eppard, L., Czerniak, C.M., Kaderavek, J., & Molitor, S. (2013). Design and Evaluation of Early Childhood Family Science Activity Packs. Paper presented at the European Science Education Research Association (ESERA) bi-annual meeting. Nicosia, Cyprus, September 2013.

Allen, A., Johnson-Whitt, E., Reinhart, M., North, T., Czerniak, C.M., Kaderavek, J., & Molitor, S. (2013). Making Thinking Visible in Preschool Science Investigations. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-Western Educational Research Association, Evanston, IL, November 2013.

Bloomquist, D., Gilbert, A., Johnson-Whitt, E., Czerniak, C. M., Kaderavek, J., & Molitor, S. (2014). Nurturing early childhood science: The development of a summer science and engineering workshop for early childhood teachers. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Science Teacher Educators, San Antonio, TX, January 2014.

Gilbert, A., Bloomquist, D., Reinhart, M., Czerniak, C. M., Kaderavek, J., & Molitor, S. (2014). Nurturing early childhood science: Family science packs. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Science Teacher Educators, San Antonio, TX, January 2014.

Strickler-Eppard, L., Reinhart, M., Czerniak, C. M., Kaderavek, J., & Molitor, S. (2014). Nurturing early childhood science: Community events and public broadcasting learning segments. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Science Teacher Educators, San Antonio, TX, January 2014.

Kaderavek, J. N., Molitor, S. C. Milewski, G., Rotshtein, R., North, T., Dao, H. Liber, N., & Czerniak, C.M. (2014). Teacher change in primary grades inquiry science classroom practices following professional development. Paper presented at the Annual International Conference of National Association for Research in Science Teaching (NARST), Pittsburgh, PA, April 2014.

Haubert, L., & Namatovu, W. (2014). Integrating math and ELA into a science classroom. Poster presented at the Ohio Early Care & Education Conference, Columbus, OH, April 2014.

Molitor, S.C., Kaderavek, J.N., Dao, H. Liber, N., Rotshtein, R., Milewski, G., Czerniak, C.M. (2014). Engineering teaching behaviors in PK-3 classrooms. Proceedings of the 2014 annual meeting of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), Indianapolis, IN, June 2014.

Kaderavek, J. N., & Reinhart, M. (2014). Development and Implementation of the Framework: Documenting the Change in Science Education. Panel presentation at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management National Convention. Albuquerque, NM, November 2014.

Bloomquist, D. & Reinhart, M. (2014). Engineering models in early childhood: Stepping stones to NGSS practices. Presented at the 2014 regional conference of the National Science Teachers Association, Orlando, FL, November, 2014.

Bloomquist, D., Gilbert, A., Johnson-Whitt, E., Reinhart, M. & Strickler-Eppard, L. (2015). Making time for science and engineering in early childhood classrooms. Session Workshop at the National Science Teachers Association, Chicago, IL, March 2015.

Tuttle, N., Kaderavek, J., & Czerniak, C.M. (2015). Investigating the impact of professional development on PreK-3 teachers. Paper presented at the European Science Education Research Association (ESERA) bi-annual meeting. Helsinki, Finland, August 2015.

Namatovu, W. & Haubert, L. (2015). Integrating math standards into early childhood science lessons. Workshop presented at the 2015 national conference for The National Association for the Education of Young Children, Orlando, FL, November, 2015.

Czerniak, C.M., Strickler-Eppard, L., & Reinhart, M. (2016). Engaging Young Children and their Families in Science. Presented at the 14th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Education, Honolulu, HI, January 2016.

Reinhart, M.L. & Richard, C. (2016). Designing Early Childhood Science Methods Consistent with A Framework for K-12 Science Education. Presented at the 2016 International Meeting of the Association for Science Teacher Education, Reno, NV, January 2016.

Hapgood, S., Tuttle, N., Strickler-Eppard, L., Reinhart, M., Bloomquist, D., Gilbert, A., Johnson-Whitt, E., Namatovu, W., & Czerniak, C. M. (2016). NURTURES: Supporting family talk and practice around science for young children. A symposium presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Washington, DC., April 2016.

Hapgood, S., Strickler-Eppard, L. & Johnson-Whitt, E. (2016). Taking a layered approach: Design principles for STEM materials and facilitation within informal learning environments. A paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Washington, DC., April 2016.

Tuttle, N., Gilbert, A., & Hapgood, S. (2016). Family practices around science at community Sci-FUN events. A paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Washington, DC., April 2016.

Reinhart, M., Bloomquist, D., & Namatovu, W. (2016). Integrating math standards into science family packs. A paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Washington, DC., April 2016.

Strickler-Eppard, L. & Czerniak, C. M. (2016). A detailed analysis of family utilization of science activity packs. A paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Washington, DC., April 2016.

Hapgood, S., Strickler-Eppard, L. et al. (June, 2016). NURTURing Family Engagement in STEM Outside of School. Poster presentation at the Institute for Innovation in Education Gathering, Ann Arbor, MI.

Gilbert, A., Stanley, W., Kaderavek, J., & Molitor, S. (2016).Nurturing inquiry in the early childhood classroom. Presented at the 2016 state conference of the Ohio Association for the Education of Young Children, Sandusky, OH, April 2016.

Czerniak, C.M. (2016). Engaging young children and their families in science. A paper presented at the School Science and Mathematics Annual Conference, Phoenix, AZ, October 2016.

Gilbert, A. & Czerniak, C.M. (April 2017). Elementary science teachers’ experiences with synchronous online, asynchronous online and face-to-face coaching. A paper presented at the National Association for Research in Science Teaching Conference, San Antonio, TX.

Bloomquist, D. & Czerniak, C.M. (April 2017). The Effects of Coaching Using a Reflective Framework on Early Childhood Science Teachers’ Depth of Reflection and Change in Practice. A paper presented at the National Association for Research in Science Teaching Conference, San Antonio, TX.

Tuttle, N. & Czerniak, C.M. (April 2017). Long Term Changes in K-1 Teacher Practice While Enacting NGSS-Aligned Science Inquiry. A paper presented at the National Association for Research in Science Teaching Conference, San Antonio, TX.

Strickler-Eppard, L. & Czerniak, C.M. (April 2017). Home and School Connections: Families’ Capacity to Engage in Inquiry at Home through Designed Activities. A paper presented at the National Association for Research in Science Teaching Conference, San Antonio, TX.

Tuttle, N. & Czerniak, C.M. (April 2017). The Impact of Science Professional Development on Student Achievement. A paper presented at the National Association for Research in Science Teaching Conference, San Antonio, TX.

Mendenhall, R. & Hapgood, S. (October 2017). NURTURES. Presented at the 61st Fall Conference of the Council of Great City Schools, Cleveland, OH.

Reinhart, M., Strickler-Eppard, L., Czerniak, C. M., Kaderavek, J., Molitor, S. (October 2017). The design, implementation, and evaluation of early childhood STEM family packs. Presented at The National STEM Education Research and Practice Summit, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.

Rotshtein, R., Dao, H., Hapgood, S., Kaderavek, J.N., Molitor, S.C., & Czerniak, C.M. (2017, October). Development and pilot implementation of aFramework-aligned child assessment for science inquiry. Paper presented at National STEM Education Research and Practice Summit, West Lafayette, IN.

Tuttle, N., Czerniak, C.M., Gilbert, A., Strickler-Eppard, L. (January 2018). A Longitudinal Study of an Early Childhood Science Teacher Professional Development Program. Presented at the 16th annual Hawaii International Conference on Education, Honolulu, HI.

Czerniak, C. M. & Hapgood, S. (March, 2018). NURTURES, part of a Symposium entitled“Working Towards Robust Early Childhood Science Education Approaches that Support Scientific Inquiry and Practice.” National Association of Research on Science Teaching (NARST), Atlanta, GA.

Wilson, G., Czerniak, C.M. (June 2018). Poster: Progressing from MSP to DRK-12. Presented at the Community for Advancing Discovery Research in Education DRK-12 PI meeting, Washington D.C..

Czerniak, C.M. (2019). A Case for Using Science to Teach Reading and Mathematics. Paper presented at the Hawaii International Conference on Education [HICE], Honolulu, HI, January 2019.

Hapgood, S., Heuring, J., Wilson, G, & Czerniak, C. M. (January 2019). How do PK-3rd Grade Teachers Plan Science/Engineering Instruction? A poster presented at the 2019 International Conference of the Association of Science Teacher Educators [ASTE], Savannah, GA.

Hapgood, S., Paprzycki, P., Czerniak, C.M. (2019). Scientific Inquiry for Young Children: Linking Teacher Professional Development and Family Engagement to Improve Student Achievement. Paper presented at the Society for Research on Child Development conference [SRCD], Balitmore, MD. March 2019.

Hapgood, S., Czerniak, C. M., Molitor, S., Kaderavek, J. N., Mendenhall, R., Wilson, G. & Heuring, J. (April 17, 2019). NURTURES phase I & II: Improving early childhood science and engineering learning opportunities in the Toledo area. 1st Annual University of Toledo Research Symposium: Impacting our Region through Community-Engaged Scholarship. University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.

Czerniak, C.M., Paprzycki, P., Hapgood, S., Kaderavek, J. (2019). Longitudinal Impact of Early Childhood Science Instruction on Middle Grades Literacy and Mathematics. Paper presented at the Global Conference on Education and Research [GLOCER], Sarasota, FL. May 2019.

Czerniak, C.M., Kaderavek, J., Paprzycki, P., Hapgood, S., Mentzer, G., Molitor, S., Mendenhall, R. (2019). Longitudinal Impact of Early Childhood Science Instruction on 5th Grade Science Achievement. Paper presented at the European Science Education Research Association [ESERA], Bologna, Italy. August 2019.

Hapgood, S., Wilson, G., Heuring, J. & Czerniak, C. M. (2020). 3DLA: Three dimensional Learning Architecture instructional planning tool. A workshop presented at the Association of Science Teacher Educators [ASTE] International Conference, San Antonio, Texas.

Hapgood, S., Heuring, J. & Wilson, G., Czerniak, C. (2020). Early Childhood Educators’ Declarative Knowledge of the Next Generation Science Standards. A poster presented at the Association of Science Teacher Educators [ASTE] International Conference, San Antonio, Texas.

Czerniak, C. M., Paprzycki, P., Hapgood, S., Kaderavek, J. & Molitor, S., Heuring, J. & Wilson, G. (2020). A Study of the Impact of an Early Childhood Intervention on STEM Learning. National Association of Research on Science Teaching [NARST] Annual International Conference. http://nurtures.utoledo.edu/reports/NURTURES_NARST2020-public.pdf (Conference cancelled)

Hapgood, S., Czerniak, C., Gotwals, A. W., Wright, T., Fulmer, G., Hand, B., Lehman, E., Gane, B., Songer, N., Newstadt, M. & Palincsar, A. S. (April, 2021). Opportunities and challenges of facilitating educators’ understanding and use of the next generation science standards. A research symposium presentation presented at the National Association on Research on Science Teaching 2021 Annual Meeting, online.

Hapgood, S., Wilson, G., Heuring, J., Czerniak, C. & Molitor, S. (April, 2021). Changes in declarative knowledge about the NGSS among early childhood educators across a year of professional development. A poster presentation presented at the National Association on Research on Science Teaching 2021 Annual Meeting, online.

Hapgood, S., Kaderavek, J., Paprzycki, P., Czerniak, C. M., Molitor, S., Wilson, G., Heuring, J., (2022). Academic impact for preschoolers and kindergarteners of classroom and family science: A randomized, control-group study. A paper presented at the National Association on Research on Science Teaching Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, British Columbia, CA (March 27-30, 2022).

Demir, K., Paprzycki, P., Czerniak, C., Kaderavek, J., Hapgood, S., & Molitor, S. (2023). A preliminary study of the impact of a science program on student achievement in early grades [Paper presentation]. Association for Science Teacher Education, Salt Lake City, UT (January 11-14, 2023). http://theaste.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2023-ASTE-Conference-Program_12-23-22_2.pdf

Wojciechowski, C. M., Hapgood, S., Czerniak, C. M., Molitor, S., Kaderavek, J., & Wilson, G. (2023, April 18-21). New NGSS-aligned Early Childhood Assessment Instrument: An Exploratory Rasch/IRT Analysis of theKinderSci [Conference Proceeding]. 96th NARST International Conference, Chicago, IL, United States.